High Tibial Osteotomy

1. What is a High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)?

HTO is a surgical procedure to realign the weight-bearing axis of the leg by reshaping the tibia (shinbone). It’s commonly performed for patients with knee osteoarthritis, particularly when the damage is localized to one part of the knee, to relieve pain and delay the need for total knee replacement.

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2. Who is a good candidate for HTO?

HTO is typically recommended for:

• Patients with early-stage osteoarthritis localized to one side of the knee.

• Active individuals under 60 who wish to maintain high levels of activity.

• Those with knee malalignment (bowlegs or knock-knees) causing uneven pressure on the joint.

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3. How is HTO performed?

The procedure involves making a precise cut in the tibia, adjusting its alignment, and securing the bone with a metal plate and screws. This redistribution of weight reduces pressure on the damaged part of the knee.

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4. How long does the surgery take?

The surgery typically lasts between 1.5 and 2 hours, but this may vary depending on individual circumstances.

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5. What type of anesthesia is used during HTO?

HTO is performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, depending on what is most appropriate for the patient.

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6. How long is the recovery period after HTO?

Full recovery can take between 4 and 6 months. Initial healing takes about 6-8 weeks, during which weight-bearing will be gradually increased. Physical therapy plays a critical role in regaining strength and mobility.

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7. Will I need crutches after surgery?

Yes, most patients use crutches for the first 6-8 weeks after surgery to allow the bone to heal properly while limiting weight-bearing on the leg.

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8. How much pain will I experience after surgery?

Some pain and swelling are normal after HTO, but these are managed with medication and rest. Most patients report significant improvement in knee pain once healing is complete.

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9. When can I return to work or sports?

This depends on the nature of your job and activity levels:

• Desk jobs: 4-6 weeks.

• Physically demanding jobs or sports: 4-6 months, with clearance from your surgeon and completion of physical therapy.

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10. What are the potential risks of HTO?

As with any surgery, there are risks, including:

• Infection.

• Blood clots.

• Nerve or blood vessel injury.

• Delayed bone healing or nonunion.

• Residual pain or stiffness.

These risks are minimized with proper surgical techniques and post-operative care.

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12. How long will the results of HTO last?

HTO can provide symptom relief and improved function for 10-15 years or more. Factors such as maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and avoiding high-impact activities can extend its benefits.

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13. Can I still need a knee replacement after HTO?

Yes, HTO does not cure arthritis but delays the progression of the disease. If the arthritis worsens over time, a knee replacement may still be necessary.

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Disclaimer:

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The information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as medical, surgical, or legal advice. While we strive to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the content, it does not substitute professional medical consultation, diagnosis, or treatment.

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Individual health conditions vary, and you should seek the advice of a qualified medical professional before making any healthcare decisions.